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Off-grid photovoltaic power generation systems are widely used in remote mountainous areas, areas without electricity, islands, communication base stations, street lights and other applications. The photovoltaic array converts solar energy into electric energy when there is light, and then supplies power to the load through the solar charge and discharge controller, and at the same time charges the battery pack; when there is no light, the battery pack supplies power to the DC load through the solar charge and discharge controller. At the same time, the storage battery also needs to directly supply power to the independent inverter, and the independent inverter is inverted into alternating current to supply power to the alternating load.

Principles of power generation

The working principle of crystalline silicon n/p-type solar cells: When a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor are tightly combined into one piece, a p-n junction is formed at the interface between the two. When the photovoltaic cell is irradiated by sunlight, the accumulation of positive and negative charges is formed on both sides of the p-n junction, a photovoltaic voltage is generated, and a built-in electric field is formed. This is the "photovoltaic effect." Theoretically speaking, at this time, if electrodes are drawn on both sides of the built-in electric field and an appropriate load is connected, a current will be formed and power will be obtained from the load. Solar cell modules are solid-state devices that use the electronic properties of semiconductor materials to achieve P-V conversion.

System compositionedit

Off-grid photovoltaic systems generally consist of a photovoltaic square array composed of solar cell components, solar charge and discharge controllers, battery packs, off-grid inverters, DC loads, and AC loads.

(1) Solar cell module

The solar cell module is the main part of the solar power system, and also the most valuable component in the solar power system.

Solar cell module diagram

Solar cell module diagram

The radiant energy is converted into DC electric energy;

(2) Solar charge and discharge controller

Solar charge and discharge controller is also called "photovoltaic controller". Its function is to regulate and control the electric energy generated by solar cell components, charge the battery to the maximum, and protect the battery from overcharge and overdischarge. effect. In places with large temperature differences, the photovoltaic controller should have the function of temperature compensation.

(3) Battery pack

The main task of the battery pack is to store energy, so as to ensure the load power consumption at night or on cloudy and rainy days.

(4) Off-grid inverter

The off-grid inverter is the core component of the off-grid power generation system, which is responsible for converting DC power into AC power for use by AC loads. In order to improve photovoltaic

The overall performance of the power generation system ensures the long-term stable operation of the power station, and the performance indicators of the inverter are very important.

System pros and consedit

advantage

1. Solar energy is inexhaustible and inexhaustible. The solar radiant energy received by the surface of the earth can meet 10,000 times the global energy demand. As long as solar photovoltaic systems are installed on 4% of the world’s deserts, the electricity generated can meet global needs. Solar power generation is safe and reliable, and will not suffer the impact of energy crisis or unstable fuel market;

2. Solar energy can be everywhere, and power can be supplied nearby, without long-distance transmission, which avoids the loss of long-distance transmission lines;

3. Solar energy does not use fuel, and the operating cost is very low;

4. Solar power generation has no moving parts, is not easy to use and damage, and is simple to maintain. It is especially suitable for unattended use;

5. Solar power generation does not produce any waste, has no pollution, noise and other public hazards, and has no adverse effects on the environment. It is an ideal clean energy;

6. The solar power generation system has a short construction period, is convenient and flexible, and can add or reduce the amount of solar power arbitrarily according to the increase or decrease of the load to avoid waste.

shortcoming

1. There is intermittent and randomness in ground application, and the amount of power generation is related to climatic conditions, and it is impossible or rarely to generate power at night or on cloudy and rainy days;

2. The energy density is low. Under standard conditions, the solar radiation intensity received on the ground is 1000W/M^2. When used in large specifications, it needs to occupy a larger area;

3. The price is still relatively expensive, 3-15 times that of conventional power generation, and the initial investment is high.